Construcción de Muros de Sótano

1. Verify wall type matches plans (poured concrete or CMU block)

2. For concrete walls: check for honeycombing, voids, or cold joints

3. For CMU walls: check that all cores are grouted solid (required for structural walls)

4. Verify horizontal and vertical reinforcement per plans

5. Check wall thickness — minimum 8" for most residential basements

6. Verify wall is plumb and straight

7. Check for cracks — hairline is normal, anything wider than 1/8" needs evaluation

8. Verify anchor bolts for sill plate are in place

- Honeycombing or voids in concrete (weak spots)

- CMU cores not grouted (wall has no strength)

- Missing reinforcement

- Wall too thin

- Wall not plumb or bowing

- Large cracks indicating structural issues

- Missing anchor bolts

1. Verify waterproofing membrane applied to exterior (should be visible before backfill)

2. Check membrane type — liquid-applied, sheet, or spray — must cover entire wall area

3. Verify protection board or drainage mat over membrane (prevents damage during backfill)

4. Check perimeter drain pipe at footing level — 4" perforated pipe in gravel

5. Verify drain connects to sump pit, daylight, or storm system

6. Check that backfill material is free-draining (gravel or sand, not clay)

7. Verify damproofing vs waterproofing — for habitable basements, full waterproofing required

- No waterproofing on exterior walls (most common cause of wet basements)

- Membrane not extended to footing level

- No protection board (membrane punctured during backfill)

- Missing perimeter drain (water has nowhere to go)

- Perimeter drain clogged or with no outlet

- Clay backfill holding water against wall

- Damproofing used instead of waterproofing (damproofing only resists moisture, not water pressure)